补

Pinyin: bǔ | Core Meaning: to mend, patch, repair, or make up for something lacking.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 修补、填补，使完整或弥补不足。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to mend, patch, repair, or make up for something lacking.

“补”常作为动词，用于指修缮、弥补损坏、不足、遗漏等，如‘补衣服’、‘补习’、‘补助’。也可指增加营养，如‘补身体’。 '补' is mostly used as a verb, meaning to repair, patch, or supplement something deficient or damaged, e.g., '补衣服' (mend clothes), '补习' (extra lessons), '补助' (subsidy). It can also mean 'to replenish,' especially regarding health or nutrition, e.g., '补身体' (nourish the body).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“补”为形声字，左边的“衤”表明与衣物有关，右边的“甫”兼作声旁和义旁，古代‘甫’有覆盖、补充之意。全字合起来表示修补衣物，引申为弥补、修复缺憾。'补' is a phono-semantic compound: the left part '衤' suggests relation to clothing, and the right '甫' serves as both phonetic and partial meaning component, with '甫' in ancient times relating to covering or supplementing. Together, they express the idea of mending clothes, and by extension, repairing or making up for deficiencies in general.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要指修补、弥补等。Similar to modern meaning; chiefly refers to mending or making amends.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“补”字最早来源于形声字，由‘衤’（衣，表示与衣物有关）和‘甫’（表声音），原指修补衣服。随着时间发展，其含义扩展到修补、弥补各种缺憾。The character '补' originates as a phono-semantic compound, composed of '衤' (the radical for clothing, indicating relation to garments) and '甫' (for its pronunciation). It originally referred to mending clothes. Over time, its meaning broadened to include repairing or making up for deficiencies in general.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中未见现存“补”字，古时以其他方式表达修补之意。 The character '补' has not been attested in known Oracle Bone Script; other expressions were used in ancient times for the concept of mending.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中未见独立‘补’字，相关词汇多用于表述修缮等含义。 In Bronze Inscription, the standalone '补' character wasn't seen; related concepts were conveyed by other terms.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“补”字由“衤”（衣旁）和“甫”组成，结构相对清晰，表示与衣物修补有关。 In Small Seal Script, '补' is composed of '衤' (clothes radical) and '甫', showing a clear structure related to mending garments.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“补”字结构趋于扁平，‘衤’与‘甫’结合紧密，字形接近现代。 In Clerical Script, '补' became flatter in shape, with '衤' and '甫' closely combined; the form closely resembles the modern character.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“补”字标准化，‘衤’在左，‘甫’在右，结构工整，广泛用于现代书写。 In modern Regular Script, '补' is standardized with '衤' on the left and '甫' on the right, tidy in structure and widely used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

补习 (to have extra lessons, tutoring)

bǔxí

为了提高成绩，他周末去补习。

Pinyin: Wèile tígāo chéngjì, tā zhōumò qù bǔxí.

Eng: In order to improve his grades, he attends extra classes on weekends.

补充 (to supplement, to add)

bǔchōng

请允许我补充一点意见。

Pinyin: Qǐng yǔnxǔ wǒ bǔchōng yīdiǎn yìjiàn.

Eng: Please allow me to add a little suggestion.

补丁 (patch (for clothes or software))

bǔdīng

他的衣服上有一个彩色的补丁。

Pinyin: Tā de yīfu shàng yǒu yī gè cǎisè de bǔdīng.

Eng: There is a colorful patch on his clothes.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

亡羊补牢 wáng yáng bǔ láo

Meaning: to take action after suffering a loss to prevent further damage; better late than never

古时有个人羊被狼叼走，邻居劝他修好羊圈，他起初不听，后来羊又被偷，才修补了羊圈。从此羊再也没丢失。比喻出了问题以后及时补救还不晚。 In ancient times, a man lost sheep to wolves. After a neighbor advised fixing his sheepfold, he at first ignored it. When more sheep were stolen, he finally mended the fold, and no more sheep were lost. The idiom means it's not too late to take remedial actions after a loss.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: réparer, compléter
  • German: reparieren, ergänzen
  • Spanish: reparar, completar
  • Italian: riparare, completare
  • Portuguese: consertar, completar
  • Russian: чинить, восполнять
  • Arabic: يصلح، يعوض
  • Persian: تعمیر کردن، جبران کردن
  • Dutch: repareren, aanvullen
  • Polish: naprawiać, uzupełniać
  • Vietnamese: sửa chữa, bổ sung
  • Ukrainian: ремонтувати, доповнювати

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

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网络参考 (Web References for "补") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义：汉字“补”本义为修补、填补缺失，有“修复、补全”的含义，常用于表示对不足之处加以弥补。 Core meaning: The character "补" chiefly means "to mend, repair, or fill in a gap," often used for fixing or making up for a deficiency.

字形起源：“补”最初来源于繁体字“補”，属于形声字。早期甲骨文含有“培育”或“修补衣物”等含义。现代“补”为简化字，声符由“甫”改为“卜”。 Etymology: "补" comes from the traditional "補" and is a phono-semantic compound. The oracle bone script often indicated "to cultivate" or "to mend clothes." The modern simple form changes the phonetic part from "甫" to "卜."

  • 常见用法：如“补衣服”（to mend clothes）、“补充” （to supplement）、“补课” （make-up lesson）。 Common usages: For instance, "补衣服" (to mend clothes), "补充" (to supplement), and "补课" (make-up class/lesson).
  • 易混淆点：需要注意，“补”是“補”的简化字，二者意义相同，但在现代汉语多用简化字（“补”）。 Note: "补" is the simplified form of "補;" both mean the same, but "补" is used in Simplified Chinese.
  • 相关成语：如“亡羊补牢”（to mend the fold after the sheep are lost, meaning to take remedial action after suffering a loss）。 Related idioms: For example, "亡羊补牢" (to fix the pen after losing sheep; meaning to take timely remedial measures).

其他补充：本字无特殊文化禁忌，但常见于日常生活及书面语中。 Other: No unique cultural taboo; "补" is frequently seen in daily life and written texts.

汉字"补"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

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